For decades, development has been measured by ranking countries against one another. This article argues that such comparisons are no longer viable—and proposes universal, non-comparative benchmarks grounded in planetary boundaries, human dignity, and adaptive capacity as a new foundation for global progress.
planetary boundaries
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Western systems built on survival of the fittest are reaching hard limits. This article presents a 25 year timeline showing how politics and economics could evolve toward cooperation, equity, and ecological stability.